Quantifying the Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Partitioning of Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals to Silicone Rubber Passive Samplers

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Publikace nespadá pod Pedagogickou fakultu, ale pod Přírodovědeckou fakultu. Oficiální stránka publikace je na webu muni.cz.
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JONKER Michiel T. O. VAN DER HEIJDEN Stephan A. KOTTE Marcel SMEDES Foppe

Rok publikování 2015
Druh Článek v odborném periodiku
Časopis / Zdroj Environmental Science and Technology
Fakulta / Pracoviště MU

Přírodovědecká fakulta

Citace
www http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b00286
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00286
Obor Znečištění a kontrola vody
Klíčová slova POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; WATER; CONTAMINANTS; DEVICES; PARENT; POLAR; PAHS; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE)
Popis Passive sampling is a widely applied technique to determine freely dissolved aqueous concentrations of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs), such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Crucial to the measurements are sampler-water partition coefficients, which are generally determined in the laboratory under standard conditions (in freshwater at 20 degrees C). Theoretically, however, the coefficients are dependent on environmental conditions, such as temperature and salinity. Yet, there are insufficient experimental data in the scientific literature to prove this for different polymers. Several polymers are already being applied during field monitoring, however, and neglecting any effects may lead to imprecise results. In the present study, we therefore quantified the effects of temperature and salinity on the sampler-water partition coefficients of PAHs and PCBs for silicone rubber, a material used in Dutch passive sampling monitoring campaigns. The results demonstrated a chemical-specific and hydrophobicity-dependent temperature effect, being independent of salinity, and a chemical- and temperature-independent salinity effect. Based on the obtained data, location-specific silicone rubberwater partition coefficients (Ksr-w; adjusted for temperature and salinity) can be calculated. The impact of applying such location-specific values was demonstrated using the Dutch passive sampling field monitoring database, covering ten years of PAH and PCB data for several locations. Adjusting the Ksr-w values resulted in aqueous concentrations that were lowered by a factor of 1.6 on average. The reduction was rather constant because of the manner of sampling (under nonequilibrium conditions and using performance reference compounds) and calculating. When sampling under equilibrium conditions in seawater at temperatures at about freezing, the adjustment effect can potentially increase up to 5-6 for the more hydrophobic PAHs and PCBs.
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