Biotic homogenization of Central European urban floras depends on residence time of alien species and habitat types

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Publikace nespadá pod Pedagogickou fakultu, ale pod Přírodovědeckou fakultu. Oficiální stránka publikace je na webu muni.cz.
Název česky Biotická homogenizace flór středoevropských měst závisí na době zavlečení nepůvodních rostlin a na typu biotopu
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LOSOSOVÁ Zdeňka CHYTRÝ Milan TICHÝ Lubomír DANIHELKA Jiří FAJMON Karel HÁJEK Ondřej KINTROVÁ Kateřina LÁNÍKOVÁ Deana OTÝPKOVÁ Zdenka ŘEHOŘEK Vladimír

Rok publikování 2012
Druh Článek v odborném periodiku
Časopis / Zdroj Biological Conservation
Fakulta / Pracoviště MU

Přírodovědecká fakulta

Citace
www http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320711004010
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.11.003
Obor Botanika
Klíčová slova Archaeophytes; beta diversity; biological invasions; city; native plant species; neophytes; urban ecology; vascular plants
Popis Spread of alien species may result in biotic homogenization, i.e. increasing similarity between biotas of different areas. We examined whether the flora of Central European cities is becoming homogenized because of the spread of alien species, whether the contribution of aliens to homogenization depends on residence time, and whether habitats under more intense human pressure are more homogenized. Using floristic composition data from a standardized sample of 1-ha plots located in seven habitat types in 32 cities in Central Europe, Belgium and the Netherlands, we compared homogenization effects of archaeophytes (pre-AD 1500 aliens) and neophytes (post-AD 1500 aliens) using rarefaction curves, Jaccard dissimilarity index, Mantel tests and homogenization index. We found that archaeophytes contributed to homogenization and neophytes to differentiation of floras among cities, but generally the spread of alien species caused differentiation. Differentiation was low in the most disturbed urban habitats, such as city squares, boulevards or early successional sites, but was strongest in moderately disturbed habitats, such as city parks and residential areas with an open building pattern. We conclude that biotic homogenization depends on alien plants’ residence time. Aliens introduced within the past five centuries are often rare, not yet having achieved their potential range; they therefore increase floristic differentiation. Conversely, species introduced more than five centuries ago have had sufficient time to disperse into most suitable habitats, and consequently contribute to homogenization. Although invasions may therefore initially increase biodiversity, they could ultimately lead to homogenization. These processes are faster and stronger in more disturbed habitats.
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