Host Species Adaptation of Obligate Gut Anaerobes Is Dependent on Their Environmental Survival

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Authors

KARASOVA Daniela FALDYNOVA Marcela MATIASOVICOVA Jitka SEBKOVA Alena CRHANOVA Magdalena KUBASOVA Tereza SEIDLEROVA Zuzana PRIKRYLOVA Hana VOLF Jiri ZEMAN Michal BABAK Vladimir JURICOVA Helena RAJOVA Jana VLASATIKOVA Lenka RYSAVKA Petr RYCHLIK Ivan

Year of publication 2022
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Microorganisms
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Science

Citation
Web https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/6/1085
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061085
Keywords chicken; pig; human; penguin; gut microbiota; host adaptation; endospore; environment; spread
Description The gut microbiota of warm-blooded vertebrates consists of bacterial species belonging to two main phyla; Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. However, does it mean that the same bacterial species are found in humans and chickens? Here we show that the ability to survive in an aerobic environment is central for host species adaptation. Known bacterial species commonly found in humans, pigs, chickens and Antarctic gentoo penguins are those capable of extended survival under aerobic conditions, i.e., either spore-forming, aerotolerant or facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Such bacteria are ubiquitously distributed in the environment, which acts as the source of infection with similar probability in humans, pigs, chickens, penguins and likely any other warm-blooded omnivorous hosts. On the other hand, gut anaerobes with no specific adaptation for survival in an aerobic environment exhibit host adaptation. This is associated with their vertical transmission from mothers to offspring and long-term colonisation after administration of a single dose. This knowledge influences the design of next-generation probiotics. The origin of aerotolerant or spore-forming probiotic strains may not be that important. On the other hand, if Bacteroidetes and other host-adapted species are used as future probiotics, host preference should be considered.
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