Centromere and telomere sequence alterations reflect the rapid genome evolution within the carnivorous plant genus Genlisea

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Authors

TRAN Trunk D. CAO Hieu X. JOVTCHEV Gabriele NEUMANN Pavel NOVÁK Petr FOJTOVÁ Miloslava VU Giang T. H. MACAS Jiří FAJKUS Jiří SCHUBERT Ingo FUCHS Joerg

Year of publication 2015
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Plant Journal
MU Faculty or unit

Central European Institute of Technology

Citation
Web http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tpj.13058/abstract;jsessionid=5402BAB5B42EB8B0802773E11664BC32.f03t04
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13058
Field Genetics and molecular biology
Keywords Lentibulariaceae; Genlisea nigrocaulis; G. hispidula; centromeric tandem repeat; centromeric retrotransposons; plant telomeric repeat variants; telomerase; genome evolution
Description Linear chromosomes of eukaryotic organisms invariably possess centromeres and telomeres to ensure proper chromosome segregation during nuclear divisions and to protect the chromosome ends from deterioration and fusion, respectively. While centromeric sequences may differ between species, with arrays of tandemly repeated sequences and retrotransposons being the most abundant sequence types in plant centromeres, telomeric sequences are usually highly conserved among plants and other organisms. The genome size of the carnivorous genus Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) is highly variable. Here we study evolutionary sequence plasticity of these chromosomal domains at an intrageneric level. We show that Genlisea nigrocaulis (1C = 86 Mbp; 2n = 40) and G. hispidula (1C = 1550 Mbp; 2n = 40) differ as to their DNA composition at centromeres and telomeres. G. nigrocaulis and its close relative G. pygmaea revealed mainly 161 bp tandem repeats, while G. hispidula and its close relative G. subglabra displayed a combination of four retroelements at centromeric positions. G. nigrocaulis and G. pygmaea chromosome ends are characterized by the Arabidopsis-type telomeric repeats (TTTAGGG); G. hispidula and G. subglabra instead revealed two intermingled sequence variants (TTCAGG and TTTCAGG). These differences in centromeric and, surprisingly, also in telomeric DNA sequences, uncovered between groups with on average a > 9-fold genome size difference, emphasize the fast genome evolution within this genus. Such intrageneric evolutionary alteration of telomeric repeats with cytosine in the guanine-rich strand, not yet known for plants, might impact the epigenetic telomere chromatin modification.
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