Two New Faces of Amifostine: Protector from DNA Damage in Normal Cells and Inhibitor of DNA Repair in Cancer Cells

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Authors

HOFER Michal FALK Martin KOMŮRKOVÁ Denisa FALKOVÁ Iva BAČÍKOVÁ Alena KLEJDUS Bořivoj PAGÁČOVÁ Eva ŠTEFANČÍKOVÁ Lenka WEITEROVÁ Lenka ANGELIS Karel J. KOZUBEK Stanislav DUŠEK Ladislav GALBAVÝ Štefan

Year of publication 2016
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Medicine

Citation
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01628
Field Pharmacology and pharmaceutical chemistry
Keywords ALTERNATIVE SPLICING VARIANT; ORDER CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE; STRAND BREAK REPAIR; BONE-MARROW-CELLS; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; NORMAL-TISSUES; HISTONE H2AX; MCF-7 CELLS; GAMMA-RAYS
Description Amifostine protects normal cells from DNA damage induction by ionizing radiation or chemotherapeutics, whereas cancer cells typically remain uninfluenced. While confirming this phenomenon, we have revealed by comet assay and currently the most sensitive method of DNA double strand break (DSB) quantification (based on gamma H2AX/53BP1 high-resolution immunofluorescence microscopy) that amifostine treatment supports DSB repair in gamma-irradiated normal NHDF fibroblasts but alters it in MCF7 carcinoma cells. These effects follow from the significantly lower activity of alkaline phosphatase measured in MCF7 cells and their supernatants as compared with NHDF fibroblasts. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed that the amifostine conversion to WR-1065 was significantly more intensive in normal NHDF cells than in tumor MCF cells. In conclusion, due to common differences between normal and cancer cells in their abilities to convert amifostine to its active metabolite WR-1065, amifostine may not only protect in multiple ways normal cells from radiation-induced DNA damage but also make cancer cells suffer from DSB repair alteration.
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