Dystrophin Deficiency Leads to Genomic Instability in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells via NO Synthase-Induced Oxidative Stress

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Authors

JELÍNKOVÁ Šárka KOHUTOVÁ Aneta FOJTÍK Petr KRUTÁ Miriama VILOTIĆ Aleksandra PEŠL Martin VRBSKÝ Jan GAILLYOVÁ Renata VALÁŠKOVÁ Iveta FRÁK Ivan FORTE Giancarlo DVOŘÁK Petr MELI Albano ROTREKL Vladimír MARKOVÁ Lenka JURÁKOVÁ Tereza LACAMPAGNE Alain

Year of publication 2019
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Cells
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Medicine

Citation
Web http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8010053
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8010053
Keywords DMD; dystrophin; pluripotent stem cells; genome stability; ROS; NO synthases
Description Recent data on Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) show myocyte progenitor’s involvement in the disease pathology often leading to the DMD patient’s death. The molecular mechanism underlying stem cell impairment in DMD has not been described. We created dystrophin-deficient human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines by reprogramming cells from two DMD patients, and also by introducing dystrophin mutation into human embryonic stem cells via CRISPR/Cas9. While dystrophin is expressed in healthy hPSC, its deficiency in DMD hPSC lines induces the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through dysregulated activity of all three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (further abrev. as, NOS). NOS-induced ROS release leads to DNA damage and genomic instability in DMD hPSC. We were able to reduce both the ROS release as well as DNA damage to the level of wild-type hPSC by inhibiting NOS activity.
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