Gray Matter Changes in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease and Relation to Cognition

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Authors

KRAJČOVIČOVÁ Lenka KLOBUŠIAKOVÁ Patrícia REKTOROVÁ Irena

Year of publication 2019
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source CURRENT NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
MU Faculty or unit

Central European Institute of Technology

Citation
Web http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11910-019-1006-z
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11910-019-1006-z
Keywords Parkinson's disease; Alzheimer's disease; Gray matter atrophy; Cognition; Structural magnetic resonance imaging
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Description Purpose of Review We summarize structural (s)MRI findings of gray matter (GM) atrophy related to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) in light of new analytical approaches and recent longitudinal studies results. Recent Findings The hippocampus-to-cortex ratio seems to be the best sMRI biomarker to discriminate between various AD subtypes, following the spatial distribution of tau pathology, and predict rate of cognitive decline. PD is clinically far more variable than AD, with heterogeneous underlying brain pathology. Novel multivariate approaches have been used to describe patterns of early subcortical and cortical changes that relate to more malignant courses of PD. New emerging analytical approaches that combine structural MRI data with clinical and other biomarker outcomes hold promise for detecting specific GM changes in the early stages of PD and preclinical AD that may predict mild cognitive impairment and dementia conversion.
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