Exposure to flame retardants in European children - Results from the HBM4EU aligned studies

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Authors

VAN DER SCHYFF Veronica KALINA Jiří GOVARTS Eva GILLES Liese SCHOETERS Greet CASTANO Argelia ESTEBAN-LOPEZ Marta KOHOUTEK Jiří KUKUČKA Petr COVACI Adrian KOPPEN Gudrun ANDRÝSKOVÁ Lenka PILER Pavel KLÁNOVÁ Jana JENSEN Tina Kold RAMBAUD Loic RIOU Margaux LAMOREE Marja KOLOSSA-GEHRING Marike VOGEL Nina WEBER Till GOEN Thomas GABRIEL Catherine SARIGIANNIS Dimosthenis A. SAKHI Amrit Kaur HAUG Line Smastuen MURINOVA Lubica Palkovicova FABELOVA Lucia TRATNIK Janja Snoj MAZEJ Darja MELYMUK Lisa Emily

Year of publication 2023
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Science

Citation
Web https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463922001535?via%3Dihub
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114070
Keywords Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Organophosphate flame retardants; Children; Europe; HBM4EU; Human biomonitoring
Attached files
Description Many legacy and emerging flame retardants (FRs) have adverse human and environmental health effects. This study reports legacy and emerging FRs in children from nine European countries from the HBM4EU aligned studies. Studies from Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, France, Greece, Slovenia, Slovakia, and Norway conducted between 2014 and 2021 provided data on FRs in blood and urine from 2136 children. All samples were collected and analyzed in alignment with the HBM4EU protocols. Ten halogenated FRs were quantified in blood, and four organophosphate flame retardants (OPFR) metabolites quantified in urine. Hex-abromocyclododecane (HBCDD) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) were infrequently detected (< 16% of samples). BDE-47 was quantified in blood from Greece, France, and Norway, with France (0.36 ng/g lipid) having the highest concentrations. BDE-153 and-209 were detected in < 40% of samples. Dechlorane Plus (DP) was quantified in blood from four countries, with notably high median concentrations of 16 ng/g lipid in Slovenian children. OPFR metabolites had a higher detection frequency than other halogenated FRs. Diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) was quantified in 99% of samples across 8 countries at levels similar to 5 times higher than other OPFR metabolites (highest median in Slovenia of 2.43 ng/g lipid). FR concentrations were associated with lifestyle factors such as cleaning frequency, employment status of the father of the household, and renovation status of the house, among others. The concentrations of BDE-47 in children from this study were similar to or lower than FRs found in adult matrices in previous studies, suggesting lower recent exposure and effectiveness of PBDE restrictions.
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