Genetics of T2DM and Its Chronic Complications: Are We Any Closer to the Individual Prediction of Genetic Risk?
| Authors | |
|---|---|
| Year of publication | 2022 |
| Type | Article in Periodical |
| Magazine / Source | FOLIA BIOLOGICA |
| MU Faculty or unit | |
| Citation | |
| Web | https://fb.littledata.cz/68/5/0159/ |
| Doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/fb2022068050159 |
| Keywords | diabetes mellitus; diabetes complication; polymorphism; Central European population; genetic; GWAS; diabetic neuropathy; diabetic kidney disease; diabetic retinopathy; cardiovascular disease |
| Description | Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a com-plex disease that has risen in global prevalence over recent decades, resulting in concomitant and enor-mous socio-economic impacts. In addition to the well-documented risk factors of obesity, poor dietary habits and sedentary lifestyles, genetic background plays a key role in the aetiopathogenesis of diabetes and the development of associated micro-and macro -vascular complications. Recent advances in genomic research, notably next-generation sequencing and ge-nome-wide association studies, have greatly improved the efficiency with which genetic backgrounds to com-plex diseases are analysed. To date, several hundred single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been associ-ated with T2DM or its complications. Given the poly -genic background to T2DM (and numerous other complex diseases), the degree of genetic predisposi-tion can be treated as a "continuous trait" quantified by a genetic risk score. Focusing mainly on the Central European population, this review summa-rizes recent state-of-the-art methods that have en-abled us to better determine the genetic architecture of T2DM and the utility of genetic risk scores in dis-ease prediction. |
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