Optimizing properties of translocation-enhancing transmembrane proteins

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Authors

BARTOŠ Ladislav DRABINOVÁ Martina VÁCHA Robert

Year of publication 2024
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Biophysical Journal
MU Faculty or unit

Central European Institute of Technology

Citation
Web https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006349524002716?via%3Dihub
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2024.04.009
Attached files
Description Cell membranes act as semi-permeable barriers, often restricting the entry of large or hydrophilic molecules. Nonetheless, certain amphiphilic molecules, such as antimicrobial and cell-penetrating peptides, can cross these barriers. In this study, we demonstrate that specific properties of transmembrane proteins/peptides can enhance membrane permeation of amphiphilic peptides. Using coarse-grained molecular dynamics with free-energy calculations, we identify key translocation-enhancing attributes of transmembrane proteins/peptides: a continuous hydrophilic patch, charged residues preferably in the membrane center, and aromatic hydrophobic residues. By employing both coarse-grained and atomistic simulations, complemented by experimental validation, we show that these properties not only enhance peptide translocation but also speed up lipid flip-flop. The enhanced flip-flop reinforces the idea that proteins such as scramblases and insertases not only share structural features but also operate through identical biophysical mechanisms enhancing the insertion and translocation of amphiphilic molecules. Our insights offer guidelines for the designing of translocation-enhancing proteins/peptides that could be used in medical and biotechnological applications.
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